Pediatric Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology - Medscape Reference

  • Arduino PG, Porter SR. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinico-pathological features. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Feb. 37(2):107-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Johnston C, Magaret A, Selke S, Remington M, Corey L, Wald A. Herpes simplex virus viremia during primary genital infection. J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 1. 198(1):31-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex virus infections in neonates and early childhood. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2005 Oct. 16(4):271-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex virus infections of the newborn. Semin Perinatol. 2007 Feb. 31(1):19-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ. Neonatal herpes: what have we learned. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2005 Jan. 16(1):7-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin D. Herpes simplex virus, meningitis and encephalitis in neonates. Herpes. 2004 Jun. 11 Suppl 2:65A-76A. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Jacobs RF. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Semin Perinatol. 1998 Feb. 22(1):64-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW, Lakeman FD, Arvin AM, Prober CG, Corey L, Powell DA. Application of the polymerase chain reaction to the diagnosis and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus disease. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1996 Dec. 174(6):1162-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Golden WC. Polymerase chain reaction in neonatal HSV encephalitis: an assay to count on?. J Perinatol. 2009 Apr. 29(4):259-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW. Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus in the era of polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Sep. 25(9):841-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Herpes Simplex. Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS. Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015. 432-445.

  • Jones CA, Walker KS, Badawi N. Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8. CD004206. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Gardella C, Brown ZA. Managing genital herpes infections in pregnancy. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007 Mar. 74(3):217-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatrics. 2001 Aug. 108(2):230-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Randolph AG, Washington AE, Prober CG. Cesarean delivery for women presenting with genital herpes lesions. Efficacy, risks, and costs. JAMA. 1993 Jul 7. 270(1):77-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • [Guideline] Kimberlin DW, Baley J; Committee on Infectious Diseases; Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Guidance on management of asymptomatic neonates born to women with active genital herpes lesions. Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2):383-6:[Full Text].

  • Richter ER, Dias JK, Gilbert JE 2nd, Atherton SS. Distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus in ganglia of the human head and neck. J Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 15. 200(12):1901-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Kimberlin DW, Prober CG. Herpes Simplex Virus. Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Inc.; 2018. 1056-1065.

  • Corey L, Wald A. Maternal and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 1. 361(14):1376-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Arvin AM, Whitley RJ, Gutierrez KM. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. Remington JS, Klein JO, Wilson CB, Baker CJ, eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2006. 845-65.

  • Charles G Prober. Herpes Simplex Virus. Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. 3rd ed. Chuchill Livingston-Saunders; 2008. 1012-1021.

  • Freeman ML, Sheridan BS, Bonneau RH, Hendricks RL. Psychological stress compromises CD8+ T cell control of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections. J Immunol. 2007 Jul 1. 179(1):322-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Ichihashi M, Nagai H, Matsunaga K. Sunlight is an important causative factor of recurrent herpes simplex. Cutis. 2004 Nov. 74(5 Suppl):14-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Peng T, Zhu J, Klock A, et al. Evasion of the mucosal innate immune system by herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol. 2009 Dec. 83(23):12559-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Kohl S. Role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in neonatal infection with herpes simplex virus. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Nov-Dec. 13 Suppl 11:S950-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Jaishankar D, Shukla D. Genital Herpes: Insights into Sexually Transmitted Infectious Disease. Microb Cell. 2016 Jun 27. 3 (9):438-450. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Delaney AS, Thomas W, Balfour HH Jr. Coprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Antibodies Among United States Children and Factors Associated With Their Acquisition. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015 Dec. 4 (4):323-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Armstrong GL, Schillinger J, Markowitz L, Nahmias AJ, Johnson RE, McQuillan GM. Incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 May 1. 153(9):912-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Leone P, Fleming DT, Gilsenan AW, Li L, Justus S. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-2 in suburban primary care offices in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2004 May. 31(5):311-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Xu F, Markowitz LE, Gottlieb SL, Berman SM. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jan. 196(1):43.e1-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Brown ZA, Selke S, Zeh J, et al. The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1997 Aug 21. 337(8):509-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Gardella C, Brown Z, Wald A, et al. Risk factors for herpes simplex virus transmission to pregnant women: a couples study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec. 193(6):1891-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Weiss H. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the developing world. Herpes. 2004 Apr. 11 Suppl 1:24A-35A. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Paz-Bailey G, Ramaswamy M, Hawkes SJ, Geretti AM. Herpes simplex virus type 2: epidemiology and management options in developing countries. Sex Transm Infect. 2007 Feb. 83(1):16-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Celum C, Levine R, Weaver M, Wald A. Genital herpes and human immunodeficiency virus: double trouble. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Jun. 82(6):447-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Reynolds SJ. Role of HSV-2 suppressive therapy for HIV prevention. Future Microbiol. 2009 Nov. 4:1095-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Zariffard MR, Saifuddin M, Finnegan A, Spear GT. HSV type 2 infection increases HIV DNA detection in vaginal tissue of mice expressing human CD4 and CCR5. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Nov. 25(11):1157-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Kane CT, Diawara S, Ndiaye HD, et al. Concentrated and linked epidemics of both HSV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 infections in Senegal: public health impacts of the spread of HIV. Int J STD AIDS. 2009 Nov. 20(11):793-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • AlMukdad S, Harfouche M, Farooqui US, Aldos L, Abu-Raddad LJ. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Front Public Health. 2023. 11:1118249. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • AlMukdad S, Harfouche M, Farooqui US, Aldos L, Abu-Raddad LJ. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genital herpes in Australia and New Zealand: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Epidemiol Infect. 2023 Feb 8. 151:e33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Armstrong GL, Schillinger J, Markowitz L, Nahmias AJ, Johnson RE, McQuillan GM. Incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 May 1. 153(9):912-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Smith JS, Robinson NJ. Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review. J Infect Dis. 2002 Oct 15. 186 Suppl 1:S3-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Dye DW, Simmons GT. Fatal Herpes Virus Type I Infection in a Newborn. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2009 Nov 24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ, Wan W, et al. Oral acyclovir suppression and neurodevelopment after neonatal herpes. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 6. 365(14):1284-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Shah SS, Aronson PL, Mohamad Z, Lorch SA. Delayed acyclovir therapy and death among neonates with herpes simplex virus infection. Pediatrics. 2011 Dec. 128(6):1153-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Bernstein DI, Lovett MA, Bryson YJ. Serologic analysis of first-episode nonprimary genital herpes simplex virus infection. Presence of type 2 antibody in acute serum samples. Am J Med. 1984 Dec. 77(6):1055-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Brown ZA, Gardella C, Wald A, Morrow RA, Corey L. Genital herpes complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct. 106(4):845-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Kimberlin DW. Neonatal herpes simplex infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Jan. 17 (1):1-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Flagg EW, Weinstock H. Incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the United States, 2006. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan. 127(1):e1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Ambroggio L, Lorch SA, Mohamad Z, Mossey J, Shah SS. Congenital anomalies and resource utilization in neonates infected with herpes simplex virus. Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Nov. 36(11):680-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Melvin AJ, Mohan KM, Vora SB, Selke S, Sullivan E, Wald A. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Modern Era. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2022 Mar 24. 11 (3):94-101. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Kimberlin D, Powell D, Gruber W, et al. Administration of oral acyclovir suppressive therapy after neonatal herpes simplex virus disease limited to the skin, eyes and mouth: results of a phase I/II trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996 Mar. 15(3):247-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Martin ET, Krantz E, Gottlieb SL, Magaret AS, Langenberg A, Stanberry L. A pooled analysis of the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 13. 169(13):1233-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Lancon F, et al. Epidemiology of orofacial herpes simplex virus infections in the general population in France: results of the HERPIMAX study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Nov. 21(10):1398-403. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Genital herpes – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes-detailed.htm. June 8, 2015; Accessed: December 14, 2017.

  • Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, Ashley RL, Corey L. Virologic characteristics of subclinical and symptomatic genital herpes infections. N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 21. 333(12):770-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Schiffer JT, Corey L. New concepts in understanding genital herpes. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009 Nov. 11(6):457-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • Koch LH, Fisher RG, Chen C, Foster MM, Bass WT, Williams JV. Congenital herpes simplex virus infection: two unique cutaneous presentations associated with probable intrauterine transmission. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Feb. 60(2):312-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Marquez L, Levy ML, Munoz FM, Palazzi DL. A report of three cases and review of intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Feb. 30(2):153-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Lopez-Medina E, Cantey JB, Sánchez PJ. The mortality of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. J Pediatr. 2015 Jun. 166 (6):1529-32.e1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Johnson RT. Acute encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Aug. 23(2):219-224; quiz 225-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Whitley RJ, Gnann JW. Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens. Lancet. 2002 Feb 9. 359(9305):507-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW. Viral encephalitis. Pediatr Rev. 1999 Jun. 20(6):192-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Glaser CA, Bloch KC. Encephalitis. Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Inc.; 2018. 305-322.

  • Herget GW, Riede UN, Schmitt-Graff A, et al. Generalized herpes simplex virus infection in an immunocompromised patient--report of a case and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract. 2005. 201(2):123-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Simoons-Smit AM, Kraan EM, Beishuizen A, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory disease in critically-ill patients: Real pathogen or innocent bystander?. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Nov. 12(11):1050-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Wu IB, Schwartz RA. Herpetic whitlow. Cutis. 2007 Mar. 79(3):193-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Anderson BJ. The epidemiology and clinical analysis of several outbreaks of herpes gladiatorum. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Nov. 35(11):1809-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Souza PM, Holland EJ, Huang AJ. Bilateral herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 2003 Mar. 110(3):493-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Dylewski JS, Bekhor S. Mollaret's meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2: case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Jul. 23(7):560-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Ayangco L, Sheridan PJ, Rogers RS. Erythema multiforme secondary to herpes simplex infection: a case report. J Periodontol. 2001 Jul. 72(7):953-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Luca NJ, Lara-Corrales I, Pope E. Eczema herpeticum in children: clinical features and factors predictive of hospitalization. J Pediatr. 2012 Oct. 161 (4):671-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Hsu DY, Shinkai K, Silverberg JI. Epidemiology of Eczema Herpeticum in Hospitalized U.S. Children: Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Feb. 138 (2):265-272. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Whitley RJ. Herpes Simplex Virus in Children. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002 May. 4(3):231-237. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Sen P, Barton SE. Genital herpes and its management. BMJ. 2007 May 19. 334(7602):1048-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Blanter M, Vickers J, Russo M, Safai B. Eczema Herpeticum: Would You Know It If You Saw It?. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015 Aug. 31 (8):586-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Mofenson LM, Brady MT, Danner SP, et al. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009 Sep 4. 58 (RR-11):1-166. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Melvin AJ, Mohan KM, Schiffer JT, Drolette LM, Magaret A, Corey L, et al. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid herpes simplex virus levels at diagnosis and outcome of neonatal infection. J Pediatr. 2015 Apr. 166 (4):827-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Gaensbauer JT, Birkholz M, Pfannenstein K, Todd JK. Herpes PCR testing and empiric acyclovir use beyond the neonatal period. Pediatrics. 2014 Sep. 134(3):e651-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Corey L, Wald A, Patel R, et al. Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 1. 350(1):11-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Wald A. New therapies and prevention strategies for genital herpes. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jan. 28 Suppl 1:S4-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Draft Recommendation Statement: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Available at http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/draft-recommendation-statement/genital-herpes-screening1. August 2016; Accessed: 8/17/2016.

  • Hackethal V. USPSTF: Do Not Screen for Genital Herpes. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/867142#vp_2. August 05, 2016; Accessed: August 17, 2016.

  • [Guideline] ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. No. 82 June 2007. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jun. 109(6):1489-98. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Money D, Steben M,. Guidelines for the management of herpes simplex virus in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008 Jun. 30(6):514-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Baker DA. Consequences of herpes simplex virus in pregnancy and their prevention. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb. 20(1):73-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • [Guideline] U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Screening for genital herpes: Recommendation statement. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). 2005.

  • Pinninti SG, Angara R, Feja KN, Kimberlin DW, Leach CT, Conrad DA, et al. Neonatal Herpes Disease following Maternal Antenatal Antiviral Suppressive Therapy: A Multicenter Case Series. J Pediatr. 2012 Feb 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • [Guideline] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Genital Herpes in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletinacog Practice Bulletin, Number 220. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May. 135 (5):e193-e202. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  • Hede K. New guidelines for neonates exposed to HSV during delivery. Medscape Medical News. Jan 28, 2013. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/778328. Accessed: Feb 5, 2013.

  • Kimberlin DW, Baley J. Guidance on management of asymptomatic neonates born to women with active genital herpes lesions. Pediatrics. 2013 Feb. 131(2):e635-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  • American Pharmacists Association. Taketomo CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM. Pediatric and Neonatal Dosage Handbook. 21st ed. Hudson, OH: Lexicomp®; 2014. 63-68, 2097-2099.

  • Comments

    Popular posts from this blog

    Effect of a board game on imprisoned women's knowledge about ... - BMC Public Health

    The HPV vaccine is important for preteens and teenagers. What about older women? - Washington Post

    Increased HPV vaccinations may prevent 1,300 cases of cancer in California - UPI News